Zouérat is the largest town in northern Mauritania and is the capital of Tiris Zemmour with an approximate population of 38,000 (2005). It lies at the eastern end of the Mauritania Railway to Nouadhibou. The town is a centre for iron ore mining, including the mines of Fderîck, Tazadit and Rouessa. Iron ores were first discovered near Kediet ej Jill in 1952 and in 1958 concessions on iron extraction were given to Miferma, Société des mines de fer de Mauritanie, which is dominated by European based mining companies. In 1974 Miferma was nationalized by the Mauritanian government.
The reserves of Zouerate (Tazadit mine) is estimated at 200 million tons of hematite quartz. The freight trains which take the iron ore to the coast can be as much as 3 km long, reputedly the longest in the World. Its people are also are employed by regional administration and the military and the town has a notable population of foreign workers from other African countries. A clinic, a club, a pool, a school and a shop are included. An airfield allows the DC3, DC4 and Noratlas to land.

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