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The Pyramid of Sahure is the first pyramid built in the necropolis of Abusir, Egypt. The pyramid was constructed for Sahure, second pharaoh of the fifth dynasty c. 2480 BC.
The pyramid complex of Sahure is now recognized as a milestone in ancient Egyptian tomb architecture, its layout defining a standard that would remain unchanged until the end of the 6th dynasty some 300 years later. The valley and mortuary temples as well as the causeway of the complex were richly decorated with over 10,000 sq. metres (107,640 sq. ft) of fine reliefs that made the complex renowned in antiquity. The high temple is also remarkable for the variety of building materials used for its construction, from the alabaster and basalt floors to the fine limestone and red granite of the walls.
The base of the pyramid has been heavily damaged through stone robbing and the dimensions of the pyramid are difficult to ascert with certainty. According to Borchardt, Sahure’s pyramid originally reached an height of 90 royal cubits making it 47 metres (154 ft) high with a base of 150 royal cubit, 78.75 metres (258.4 ft), and a slope of 50°11′. The architects of the pyramid made a sizeable error when delimiting the base: the southeast corner of the pyramid is 1.58 metres (5.2 ft) too far to the east. The pyramid is consequently distorted, although much of the distortion, being on the eastern side, is concealed by the adjacent mortuary temple.
Unlike the Pyramids of the 4th dynasty, the pyramids of the 5th dynasty were not built on the local bedrock but rather on a foundation made of two thick layers of limestone blocks. Although the foundation of Sahure’s pyramid is not accessible and has thus not been examined, archaeologists believe that it was constructed according to the same technique. The pyramid core masonry consists of low-grade roughly hewn limestone blocks from local quarries. The spaces between the blocks were filled with rubble and mortar. The blocks were laid in horizontal layers constituting 6 steps which then received the white limestone cladding. Just as for the cult pyramid, this construction technique is responsible for the current ruined state of the pyramid.
The substructures of the pyramid were built in a T-shaped open ditch reaching to the foundation layer and left open to allow for simultaneous works on the pyramid foundation and core. The ditch comprised a gap in the pyramid side wall which was eventually filled with rubble and is still recognizable today. This construction technique is common to all pyramids of the 5th dynasty and can directly be seen in the case of the Pyramid of Neferefre, which was left unfinished.
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