Riversleigh

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“Riversleigh, in the north-west of Queensland, is Australia’s most famous fossil site. The 100 km² area has fossil remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene age. The fossils at Riversleigh are rare because they are found in soft freshwater limestone which hasn’t been compressed. This means the animal remains retain their three dimensional structure. The area is located within the catchment of the Gregory River. Fossils were first noted to exist in the area in 1901. An initial exploration survey was conducted in 1963. Since 1976 the area has been the subject of systemic exploration. The site was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1994 and is an extension of the Boodjamulla National Park.
Fossils at Riversleigh are found in limestone by lime-rich freshwater pools, and in caves, when the ecosystem was evolving from rich rainforest to semi-arid grassland community. Some of the fossils at Riversleigh are 25 million years old. High concentrations of calcium carbonate has meant the fossils are extremely well preserved. The fossil collection reveals mammalian evolution across a time span of more than 20 million years. There are more than 200 individual locations where fossils have been found.
The fossil record here is significant because it provides evidence on evolution and the distribution of species across Gondwana. Thirty-five fossil bat species have been identified at the site, which is the richest in the world. Cave deposits have been particularly rich in bat species.”

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