John Rylands Library

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The John Rylands Library is a Victorian Gothic building on Deansgate in Manchester, England. The library, which opened to the public in 1900, was founded by Mrs Enriqueta Augustina Rylands in memory of her late husband, John Rylands. The John Rylands Library and the library of the University Of Manchester merged in July 1972 and were renamed the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. Special collections built up by both libraries were progressively concentrated in the Deansgate building.
The special collections, believed to be among the largest in the United Kingdom, include medieval illuminated manuscripts and examples of the earliest forms of European printing, including the Gutenberg Bible, the second largest collection of printing by William Caxton, and the most extensive collection of the editions of the Aldine Press of Venice. The Rylands Library Papyrus P52 is believed to be the earliest extant of a New Testament text. The library holds personal papers and letters of many notable figures, among them Elizabeth Gaskell and John Dalton.
The library was granted Grade I listed status in 1994. The library has been extended four times, the last time in 2007 when an earlier extension was demolished.Enriqueta Rylands purchased a site on Deansgate, at the heart of Manchester city centre, in 1889 for her planned memorial library and commissioned a design from Basil Champneys the architect. Mrs Rylands had intended the library to be principally a theological collection, and the building, which is a very fine example of Victorian Gothic, has much of the appearance of a church, although the concept was of an Oxford college library on a larger scale. Champneys presented plans for the library to Mrs Rylands within a week of gaining the commission. They frequently disagreed and Mrs Rylands selected decorative elements, window glass and statues against his wishes.

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