Jelgava is a city in central Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga with about 64 thousand inhabitants. It is the largest town in the region of Zemgale. Jelgava is known as the former capital of the Duchy of Courland, and was the capital of the Courland Governorate until 1919.
Jelgava is situated on a fertile plain rising only 3.5 metres (11.48 ft) above mean sea level on the right bank of the river Lielupe. At high water the plain and sometimes the town as well can be inundated. It is a railway center and is also host to Jelgava air base. Its importance as a railway centre can be proven by the fact that it lies at the junction of over 6 railway lines connecting Riga to Lithuania, eastern and western Latvia, and Lithuania to the Baltic sea.
The name Jelgava is believed to be derived from the Livonian word jālgab, meaning “town on the river.” The origin of the German name Mitau is unclear, although it is suggested that it came from the Latvian words mīt or mainīt, meaning “to exchange” or “to trade,” thus making it “the place where trading takes place.” An alternate explanation is that Mitau came from Mitte in der Aue, German for “the middle of the Aa”, referring to the Lielupe River, formerly known as the Courland Aa (Kurländische Aa in German).

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