Fountains of St. Peter’s Square

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The fountains of St. Peter’s Square are two fountains in Rome, Italy, created by Carlo Maderno (1612-1614) and Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1667-1677), respectively to ornament the square in front of St. Peter’s Basilica. The older fountain, by Maderno, is on the north side of the square.
The Maderno fountain is located on the site of an earlier fountain, built in 1490 during the time of Pope Innocent VIII. It was reputed to be the finest fountain in Rome, with two vasques and three jets of water coming from the mouths of three stone heads, and three coats of arms of Pope Innocent VIII, carved by Alonso du Capua.
The fountain was described by the Roman chronicler Stefano Infessura: “In the year 1490, His Holiness constructed on the Square of St. Peter.a magnificent fountain, with marble plaques inscribed with history, and two round vasques one above the other, so that they can be seen; and anyone will judge, nothing comparable can be found anywhere in Italy.”The fountain was restored by Pope Alexander VI in 1500 and a watering basin for animals was added.
For half a century the square was decorated with the Maderno Fountain and with the obelisk raised by Pope Sixtus V, but the southern part of the square was empty. In 1667 Pope Clement X commissioned Bernini to build a second fountain, which closely followed the design of the earlier fountain. The second fountain was completed in 1677.
The fountains of St. Peter’s square influenced other fountains throughout Europe. The Roman Fountain at Peterhof in Russia (1720) was inspired by Maderno’s fountain and took its name from it.The Fontaines de la Concorde in The Place de la Concorde in Paris (1840), by Jacques-Ignace Hittorff, were also strongly influenced by the Maderno fountain and the arrangement of the fountains and obelisk in St. Peter’s Square.

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