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Chocolá is a Preclassic Southern Maya site whose developmental emphasis was from ca. 1000 BC to AD 200. The site lies within the Southern Maya area, long thought by scholars to have been seminal in the development of “high traits” of Classic Maya civilization, and a supposed nexus of Olmec, Maya, and other ethnolinguistic groups and cultures. Chocolá is in the San Pablo Jocopilas municipality in the southern Suchitepéquez department of Guatemala.
A modern village lies on top of and within the ancient site.
Lying on a plateau below volcanic mountain ridges to the north and east, and at a height of 500-1000 meters, the site consists of three general groupings extending over ca. 6 by 2 kilometers, oriented north-to-south. To the north, great platform mounds consisted of elite residences, with elaborate hydraulic networks of stone-lined canals bringing water in from underground springs.
A complex of more than 100 structures was discovered by Karl Sapper in the last years of the 19th century and a few mounds were excavated by Robert Burkitt in the 1920’s. The discovery by Burkitt of Monument 1, a stela carved in the “Miraflores” style, sparked interest among scholars, suggestive as it was that Chocolá may have been an important polity early on with distinct political connections with Kaminaljuyu. This stela bears extraordinary similarities both in style and content to Kaminaljuyu Stela 10, a gigantic throne and the site’s single largest monument. In 2003, long-term excavations were initiated by the Proyecto Arqueologico Chocola (PACH).
These investigations are exploring the social and cultural developments that led to the rise of the Classic Maya, with sophisticated city-states, hieroglyphic literacy, exquisite ceramics, and the most advanced mathematics and astronomy in the New World.
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