Bistrița is the capital city of Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is situated on the Bistriţa River. The city has a population of approximately 70,000 inhabitants, and it administers six villages: Ghinda, Sărata, Sigmir, Slătiniţa, Unirea and Viişoara.
The earliest sign of settlement in the area of Bistriţa is in Neolithic remains. The Turkic Pechenegs settled the area in 12th century following attack from Cumans. The native Hungarians called these Turkic settlers “Besenyő” and gave them the district centered on Beszterce. Transylvanian Saxons settled the area in 1206 and called the region “Nösnerland”. The destruction of Markt Nosa (“Market Nösen”) under the Mongols of central Europe is described in a document from 1241. Situated on several trade routes, Bistritz became a flourishing medieval trading post. The town was named after the Bistriţa River, whose name comes from the Slavic word bystrica meaning “fast-moving water”.

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