Arizpe (or Arispe) is a small town in Arizpe Municipality in the north of the Mexican state of Sonora. The area of the municipality is 2,806.78 sq.km. The population in 2005 was 2,959 of which 1,743 lived in the municipal seat as of the 2000 census. Arizpe was founded in 1646 by the Jesuit missionary Jerónimo de la Canal as a mission. In 1776 Arizpe was made the capital of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas, with jurisdiction over Nueva Vizcaya (today Durango and Chihuahua), Arizona, Las Californias, Sonora y Sinaloa and Coahuila and Texas. The capital of the Intendencia was here and Arizpe was already a city by the end of the eighteenth century, the first in Sonora. In 1775 an expedition of settlers was formed, headed by captain Juan Bautista de Anza, which explored and opened one of the routes to Alta California, establishng the city of San Francisco, California. Juan Bautista de Anza’s remains lie in the main church at Arizpe. Agriculture is the main economic activity, with farms lying in the valley of the Sonora River. Most of the crops are grasses used for the raising of cattle. There were over 40,000 head in 2000.

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