Samarkand (Uzbek: Samarqand; Tajik: ; Persian: ; from Sogdian: “Stone Fort” or “Rock Town”) is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-E Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city’s most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient center of the city. In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand Crossroads of Cultures. There are several theories regarding the name of Samarkand. Some historians refer the name “Samarkand” to the old Turkic “Semiz-Kent” meaning “Rich City”.[citation needed] Persian theories claim that Samarkand derives its name from the Old Persian asmara, “stone”, “rock”, and Sogdian kand, “fort”, “town”.

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