Karagandy more commonly known by its Russian name Karaganda, (Russian: , until 1993), is the capital of Karagandy Province in Kazakhstan. It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty (Alma-Ata), Astana and Shymkent, with a population of 471,800 (as of 1 January 2010). In the 1940s up to 70% of the city’s inhabitants were ethnic Germans. Most of the ethnic Germans are descendants of Soviet Volga Germans.
A statue in Abdirov’s honor is located in the center of the city. The name “Karagandy” is derived from a “caragana” bushes (Caragana arborescens, Caragana frutex) which are abundant in the area. The original site of Karaganda is now labeled on city maps as the “Old Town,” but almost nothing remains on that site. In exploiting the rich coal deposits, the Soviets undermined the entire city, and the town had to be abandoned completely and moved several miles to the south.
Karaganda is an industrial city, built to exploit nearby coal mines using the slave work of prisoners of labor camps. Flora Leipman, a British citizen, spent several years unlawfully detained in a number of other nearby camps, and described her experiences in the book “The Long Journey Home” (published 1987).

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